You can use the block's BlockTableRecord.GetBlockReferenceIds method which will return an ObjectIdCollection of the BlockReferences ObjectIds
Here is simple example getting all of the blockreferences of a block named "C" and printing to the command line if it is in Model or paper.
Code:
<CommandMethod("GetBlockRefs")> _
Public Sub GetBlockRefs()
Dim doc As Document = Application.DocumentManager.MdiActiveDocument
Dim db As Database = doc.Database
Dim ed As Editor = doc.Editor
Using trx As Transaction = db.TransactionManager.StartTransaction()
Dim bt As BlockTable = db.BlockTableId.GetObject(OpenMode.ForRead)
Dim btr As BlockTableRecord = bt("C").GetObject(OpenMode.ForRead)
Dim objIds As ObjectIdCollection = btr.GetBlockReferenceIds(True, False)
For Each objId As ObjectId In objIds
Dim ent As Entity = objId.GetObject(OpenMode.ForRead)
Dim btrOwner As BlockTableRecord = ent.BlockId.GetObject(OpenMode.ForRead)
ed.WriteMessage(vbCrLf & btrOwner.Name)
Next
trx.Commit()
End Using
End Sub