I assume you are hovering over a vertex grip and selecting Add Vertex. This will always add one after the one selected, but if you don't know the direction of the polyline it can be frustrating.
I keep the GRIPS (System Variable) set to 2 to display midpoint grips on polyline segments. This way hovering over a midpoint grip and selecting Add Vertex will always give the desired results no matter what the direction of the polyline is.
Line from my acaddoc.lsp file:
Code:
(if (/= (getvar 'grips) 2)(progn(setvar 'grips 2)(princ "\nDisplays additional midpoint grips on polyline segments.")))